Study Report

Study Information

Basic Info

Reference	Dunn, E. C.,2014 PMID: 24161451
Citation	Dunn, E. C., et al. (2014). "Interaction between genetic variants and exposure to Hurricane Katrina on post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth: a prospective analysis of low income adults." J Affect Disord 152-154: 243-249.
Phenotype	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG), Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)
Trauma	Hurricane Katrina
Study Design	Case-control
Study Type	Candidate gene association study, Gene-environment interaction study
Sample Size	205 low-income non-Hispanic Black parents
SNP/Marker Size	9 SNPs, 1 Variant
Predominant Ethnicity	Black
Population	Non-Hispanic Black
Gender	8 males, 197 females
Age	Mean age=25.82 years, SD=4.39.

Detail Info

Sample Diagnosis	Not mentioned.
Related Diagnostic Tools	Impact of Events Scale-Revised, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, Social Provisions Scale
Sample Status	Data were from a sample of participants (Lowe et al., 2010, Rhodes et al., 2010) in the New Orleans site of the Opening Doors Study, a multi-site national study designed to examine whether modest performance-based scholarships promoted academic achievement, health, and well-being of low income parents attending community college (Richburg-Hayes and Brock, 2009). In 2004 and 2005 (Time1, or T1), 1,019 participants completed a brief survey, which assessed demographic, physical, and mental health information. Prior to Katrina, 492 participants had been enrolled long enough to complete a more extensive 12-month pre-disaster follow-up survey (T2). Between May 2006 and March 2007 (T3), 402 (81.7%) participants who completed the T2 survey were successfully located and completed a post-disaster interview by phone with a trained interviewer. The T3 interview was similar to T2, but also included an inventory of hurricane exposure and a measure of PTS. Between April 2009 and March 2010, trained researchers administered an additional post-disaster survey by phone (T4) to 409 participants (83.1% of the T2 sample; 348 of these respondents also completed the T3 survey). The T4 survey included the same measures as T3 plus a measure of PTG.
Controls Exposed	Yes
Replication Size	None
Result Summary	We found a significant association (after correction) between RGS2 (rs4606; P-value=0.0044) and PTG, which was mainly driven by a cross-over GxE (P-value=0.006), rather than a main genetic effect (P-value=0.071). The G (minor allele) was associated with lower PTG scores for low levels of Hurricane exposure and higher PTG scores for moderate and high levels of exposure. We also found a nominally significant association between variation in FKBP5 (rs1306780, P-value=0.0113) and PTG, though this result did not survive correction for multiple testing. Although the inclusion of low-income non-Hispanic Black parents allowed us to examine GxE among a highly vulnerable group, our findings may not generalize to other populations or groups experiencing other natural disasters. Moreover, not all participants invited to participate in the genetic study provided saliva. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify GxE in the context of post-traumatic growth. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of GxE in PTS and PTG and post-disaster psychological responses, especially among vulnerable populations.
Potential Biomarker	None

Genetic result reported by this study

Normal genetic result reported by this study (count: 20)

Marker	Phenotype	Related Gene	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Marker's Category
rs9296158	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	FKBP5	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value=0.021.	We found a significant association between FKBP5 and PTG. We found a significant association between FKBP5 and PTG.	Significant
5-HTTLPR	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	SLC6A4	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs9470080	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	FKBP5	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value=0.024.	We found a significant association between FKBP5 and PTG. We found a significant association between FKBP5 and PTG.	Significant
rs53576	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	OXTR	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs6265	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	BDNF	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs2254298	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	OXTR	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs1006737	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	CACNA1C	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs1360780	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	FKBP5	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs53576	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	OXTR	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs4606	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	RGS2	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs9296158	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	FKBP5	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs4606	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	RGS2	T4: joint test P-value=0.0044, variant P-value=0.071.	We found a significant association between RGS2 and PTG, whi...... We found a significant association between RGS2 and PTG, which was mainly driven by a cross-over GxE, rather than a main genetic effect. More...	Significant
rs6265	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	BDNF	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
5-HTTLPR	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	SLC6A4	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs2254298	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	OXTR	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs1360780	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	FKBP5	T4: joint test P-value=0.0113, variant P-value=0.003.	We found a nominally significant association between FKBP5 a...... We found a nominally significant association between FKBP5 and PTG, with the T allele conferring a higher likelihood of experiencing PTG. The joint effect was driven by a genetic main effect rather than GxE. This result did not withstand correction for multiple testing. More...	Significant
rs9470080	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	FKBP5	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs12944712	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	CRHR1	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs12944712	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	CRHR1	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs1006737	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	CACNA1C	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, variant P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTS (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant

Gene * Environment result reported by this study (count: 20)

Marker	Phenotype	Related Gene	Environment	Statistical Values	Author Comments	Marker's Category
rs1006737	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	CACNA1C	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs1360780	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	FKBP5	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs12944712	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	CRHR1	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs4606	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	RGS2	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs2254298	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	OXTR	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs6265	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	BDNF	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs53576	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	OXTR	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
5-HTTLPR	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	SLC6A4	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, GxE interaction P-value= 0.025.	We found a significant association between 5-HTTLPR x exposu...... We found a significant association between 5-HTTLPR x exposure interaction and PTG. More...	Significant
rs1006737	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	CACNA1C	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, GxE interaction P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs9296158	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	FKBP5	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs9470080	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	FKBP5	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, GxE interaction P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs9470080	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	FKBP5	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs9296158	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	FKBP5	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, GxE interaction P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
5-HTTLPR	Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS)	SLC6A4	Hurricane exposure	Genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS interaction: all P-values > 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and T3 or T4 PTS (all P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs6265	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	BDNF	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, GxE interaction P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs53576	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	OXTR	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, GxE interaction P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs4606	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	RGS2	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value=0.0044, GxE interaction P-value=0.006.	We found a significant association between RGS2 and PTG, whi...... We found a significant association between RGS2 and PTG, which was mainly driven by a cross-over GxE, rather than a main genetic effect. At low levels of Katrina exposure, the G allele (minor allele) was associated with lower PTG (indicating less PTG). However, at moderate and high exposure, the G allele was associated with higher PTG scores (indicating more PTG; refer to Figure 1). This result withstood correction for multiple testing. In this model, the GxE explained 3.9% of the variability in PTG. More...	Significant
rs2254298	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	OXTR	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, GxE interaction P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant
rs1360780	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	FKBP5	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value=0.0113, GxE interaction P-value=0.537.	We found a nominally significant association between FKBP5 a...... We found a nominally significant association between FKBP5 and PTG, with the T allele conferring a higher likelihood of experiencing PTG. The joint effect was driven by a genetic main effect rather than GxE. This result did not withstand correction for multiple testing. More...	Significant
rs12944712	Post Traumatic Growth (PTG)	CRHR1	Hurricane exposure	T4: joint test P-value> 0.05, GxE interaction P-value> 0.05.	We did not find any significant associations between the gen...... We did not find any significant associations between the genetic variants and PTG (P-values > 0.05). More...	Non-significant